What is the primary reason for classifying materials?

To understand their properties and uses better

Assertion (A): Metals often lose their lustre and appear dull over time. Reason (R): Air and moisture react with the surface of metals, causing them to tarnish.

A and R both correct, R explains A

Assertion (A): Water is considered a universal solvent. Reason (R): Water can dissolve a large number of materials.

A and R both correct, R explains A

Which of the following statements about matter, mass, and volume are correct?

Matter occupies space and has mass.

Mass is the space occupied by matter.

Volume quantifies the amount of matter present in an object.

Kilogram is a unit to measure mass.

Assertion (A): It is difficult to compress a stone. Reason (R): Stone is a hard material.

A and R both correct, R explains A

Observe the two glass tumblers. Tumbler (a) is half-filled with water, and Tumbler (b) is fully-filled with water. If both tumblers are identical, which statement accurately describes the volume of water in them?

The volume of water in (a) is less than in (b).

The volume of water in (a) is greater than in (b).

The volume of water in (b) is less than in (a).

The volume of water in (a) is less than in (b).

Both tumblers have the same volume of water.

A student is asked to classify various objects based on their properties. She observes a wooden block, a glass tumbler, and a piece of butter paper. She notes that she cannot see through the wooden block, can see clearly through the glass tumbler, and can see objects blurrily through the butter paper. How should she classify these three objects in terms of transparency?

Wooden block: Opaque, Glass tumbler: Transparent, Butter paper: Translucent

Wooden block: Transparent, Glass tumbler: Translucent, Butter paper: Opaque

Wooden block: Opaque, Glass tumbler: Transparent, Butter paper: Translucent

Wooden block: Translucent, Glass tumbler: Opaque, Butter paper: Transparent

Wooden block: Opaque, Glass tumbler: Translucent, Butter paper: Transparent

Observe the image showing different types of balls. If you drop each ball from the same height, which ball is most likely to achieve the highest bounce, assuming they are made of materials with different elasticity?

All will bounce to the same height

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The game mode of this quiz contains 40 questions, carefully designed to cover all key topics from Chapter 6.

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Absolutely! All questions are based on the NCERT Class 6 Science textbook, ensuring full syllabus coverage for Chapter 6.

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Home › CBSE › Class 6 › Science › Materials Around Us

CBSE · Class 6 · 🔬 Science · Chapter 6

Materials Around Us

MaterialsClassificationProperties of materialsLustreHardnessTransparency

Chapter 6, 'Materials Around Us', introduces students to the diverse world of objects and the materials they are made from. It covers key concepts like classification based on properties (appearance, hardness, transparency, solubility), and fundamental definitions of material, matter, mass, and volume. Understanding these concepts helps students observe and categorize the world around them scientifically, laying a strong foundation for future science studies.

Objects aur Materials ko Identify karna

Objects kya hote hain?

Koi bhi cheez jo hum apne aas-paas dekhte hain, jaise chair, table, book, pen, ball, etc., sab objects hain.
Har object kisi na kisi material se bana hota hai.

Materials kya hote hain?

Material woh substance hai jisse koi object banta hai.
Examples: wood, plastic, glass, metal, paper, cloth, clay, rubber.

Key Observations:

Ek object, kai materials se: Ek single object bahut saare different materials se ban sakta hai. Jaise, ek bicycle mein metal, rubber, plastic, sab use hota hai.
Ek material, kai objects ke liye: Ek hi material se different objects ban sakte hain. Jaise, wood se chair, table, door, window ban sakte hain.

Activity 6.1 (Recall): Objects aur Unke Materials

Aim: Identify karna ki kaun sa object kis material se bana hai.
Process: Apne aas-paas ke objects ko list karo aur unke corresponding materials likho.
_Example:_ Plate – Steel, Glass, Plastic
_Example:_ Pen – Plastic, Metal

Important Points:

Materials ki choice object ke purpose par depend karti hai. Agar humein water store karna hai, toh hum cloth ka container use nahi karenge, glass ya plastic ka karenge.

📖Definition

Object: Koi bhi cheez jo hum dekhte aur use karte hain. Material: Woh substance jisse object banta hai.

⭐Remember

Ek object multiple materials se ban sakta hai, aur ek material se multiple objects ban sakte hain.

Materials ko Group aur Classify karna

Classification kya hai?

Classification ka matlab hai objects ya materials ko unki similarities aur differences ke basis par groups mein arrange karna.
Yeh humein cheezon ko better understand aur study karne mein help karta hai.

Why do we classify materials?

Easy Study: Jab materials ko group kar dete hain, toh unki properties ko study karna easy ho jaata hai.
Convenient Storage: Similar properties wale materials ko ek saath store karna convenient hota hai.
Identify Patterns: Classification se hum materials mein patterns aur relationships identify kar sakte hain.
Specific Use: Right material choose karne mein help karta hai for a specific purpose.

Basis of Classification:

Materials ko different properties ke basis par classify kiya ja sakta hai:

Appearance: Lustrous (shiny) ya Non-lustrous (dull).
Hardness: Hard ya Soft.
Transparency: Transparent, Translucent ya Opaque.
Solubility: Soluble ya Insoluble in water.
Conductivity: Heat aur electricity ke good ya bad conductors.
Magnetic Properties: Magnetic ya Non-magnetic.

Activity 6.2 (Recall): Objects ko Group karna

Aim: Objects ko common properties ke basis par group karna.
Process: Objects ko shape, colour, hardness, ya material ke basis par group karo.
_Example:_ Round objects (ball, marble, coin) vs. Non-round objects (book, pencil).
_Example:_ Objects made of wood (chair, table) vs. Objects made of metal (key, spoon).

❗Important

Classification se hum materials ko systematic tareeke se samajh paate hain aur unke uses ko determine kar paate hain.

Materials ka Appearance: Lustrous aur Non-lustrous

Appearance kya hota hai?

Appearance ka matlab hai ki koi material kaisa dikhta hai, especially uski surface.

Lustrous Materials:

Wo materials jinme shine hoti hai, unhe lustrous kehte hain.
Ye materials generally metals hote hain. Examples: Iron, Copper, Aluminium, Gold, Silver.
Metals apni shine air aur moisture ke contact mein aane par kho sakte hain (tarnish ho sakte hain). Isliye, unki freshly cut surface zyada shiny dikhti hai.

Non-lustrous Materials:

Wo materials jinme shine nahi hoti, unhe non-lustrous kehte hain.
Examples: Wood, Paper, Rubber, Jute, Chalk.
Kuch non-lustrous materials ko polish ya coating karke shiny banaya ja sakta hai, but wo asli metals nahi hote.

📖Definition

Lustrous: Materials having a shiny surface. Non-lustrous: Materials that do not have a shiny surface.

💡Tip

Metals ki freshly cut surface ko observe karna important hai unki true lustre dekhne ke liye, kyunki air aur moisture se woh dull ho sakte hain.

Materials ki Hardness aur Softness

Hardness kya hai?

Hardness material ki woh property hai jisse pata chalta hai ki use compress karna ya scratch karna kitna difficult hai.

Hard Materials:

Wo materials jinhe compress karna ya scratch karna difficult hota hai, unhe hard kehte hain.
Examples: Iron, Stone, Wood, Diamond.
Hard materials apni shape easily maintain karte hain.

Soft Materials:

Wo materials jinhe easily compress ya scratch kiya ja sakta hai, unhe soft kehte hain.
Examples: Cotton, Sponge, Rubber, Wax, Chalk.
Soft materials apni shape easily change kar sakte hain.

Relative Nature of Hardness:

Hardness ek relative property hai. Ek material ek cheez se hard ho sakta hai, par doosri cheez se soft.
_Example:_ Rubber sponge se hard hai, lekin iron se soft hai.

Activity 6.5 (Recall): Hard ya Soft Identify karna

Aim: Objects ko touch karke unki hardness ya softness identify karna.
Process: Different objects ko press ya scratch karke unki property observe karna.
_Observation:_ Stone ko press karna mushkil hai (hard), sponge ko easily press kar sakte hain (soft).

📖Definition

Hard: Materials which are difficult to compress or scratch. Soft: Materials which can be compressed or scratched easily.

⭐Remember

Hardness ek relative term hai. Ek material ek cheez se hard ho sakta hai aur doosri se soft.

Materials ki Transparency: Transparent, Opaque, Translucent

Transparency kya hai?

Transparency material ki woh property hai jisse pata chalta hai ki uske through hum kitna clearly dekh sakte hain.

Transparent Materials:

Wo materials jinse cheezein clearly dikhti hain, unhe transparent kehte hain.
Light in materials se easily pass ho jaati hai.
Examples: Glass, Clean Water, Air, Cellophane paper.
_Use:_ Windows, spectacles, beakers, tumblers.

Opaque Materials:

Wo materials jinse bilkul bhi nahi dikhta, unhe opaque kehte hain.
Light in materials se pass nahi ho paati.
Examples: Wood, Cardboard, Metals (iron, copper), Wall, Stone.
_Use:_ Doors, walls, tables, books.

Translucent Materials:

Wo materials jinse cheezein dikhti toh hain, par clearly nahi (hazy ya blurry dikhti hain), unhe translucent kehte hain.
Light in materials se partially pass hoti hai.
Examples: Frosted glass, Butter paper, Oiled paper, Thin plastic sheets.
_Use:_ Bathroom windows, lampshades.

Activity 6.6 (Recall): Transparency Classify karna

Aim: Objects ko transparent, translucent ya opaque mein classify karna.
Process: Different objects ke through dekhne ki koshish karna.
_Observation:_ Glass se clearly dikhta hai (transparent), frosted glass se blurry dikhta hai (translucent), wood se bilkul nahi dikhta (opaque).

📖Definition

Transparent: Things can be seen clearly through them. Opaque: Things cannot be seen at all through them. Translucent: Things can be seen, but not clearly, through them.

💡Tip

Shops mein containers usually transparent hote hain taaki customers andar ka product easily dekh sakein. Isse purchase decision easy ho jaata hai.

Materials ki Solubility in Water

Solubility kya hai?

Solubility material ki woh property hai jisse pata chalta hai ki woh water ya kisi aur liquid mein dissolve ho sakta hai ya nahi.

Soluble Materials:

Wo materials jo water mein completely disappear ho jaate hain (dissolve ho jaate hain), unhe soluble kehte hain.
Examples: Sugar, Salt, Common Salt, Glucose.
Jab soluble material dissolve hota hai, toh woh solution banata hai.

Insoluble Materials:

Wo materials jo water mein mix nahi hote aur dissolve nahi hote, unhe insoluble kehte hain.
Ye materials ya toh water mein float karte hain, ya settle down ho jaate hain.
Examples: Sand, Chalk powder, Sawdust, Oil, Kerosene.

Liquids ki Solubility:

Kuch liquids water mein completely mix ho jaate hain (miscible liquids). Examples: Vinegar, Lemon juice.
Kuch liquids water mein mix nahi hote aur separate layer bana lete hain (immiscible liquids). Examples: Mustard oil, Coconut oil.

Gases ki Solubility:

Kuch gases water mein soluble hoti hain. Example: Oxygen gas (aquatic animals ke liye essential).
Kuch gases water mein insoluble hoti hain.

Water ki Importance:

Water ko universal solvent kehte hain kyunki yeh bahut saare substances ko dissolve kar sakta hai.
Hamare body functions ke liye water bahut important hai kyunki yeh nutrients aur waste products ko dissolve karke transport karta hai.

Activity 6.7 (Recall): Materials ko Water mein Mix karna

Aim: Different materials ki solubility test karna.
Process: Sugar, salt, chalk powder, sand, sawdust ko water mein mix karke observe karna.
_Observation:_ Sugar aur salt dissolve ho gaye (soluble), sand, chalk powder, sawdust dissolve nahi hue (insoluble).

📖Definition

Soluble: Materials that dissolve completely in water. Insoluble: Materials that do not dissolve in water.

❗Important

Water ko universal solvent kehte hain. Aquatic life ke liye water mein dissolved oxygen bahut important hai.

Materials ka Mass aur Volume

Matter kya hai?

Matter koi bhi cheez hai jo space occupy karti hai aur jisme mass hota hai.
Humare aas-paas ki har cheez matter hai.

Mass kya hai?

Mass kisi object mein present matter ki quantity ko measure karta hai.
Jisme zyada mass hota hai, woh zyada heavy hota hai.
Units of Mass: gram (g) aur kilogram (kg).
\(1 \text{ kg} = 1000 \text{ g}\)

Volume kya hai?

Volume woh space hai jo koi object occupy karta hai.
Jisme zyada volume hota hai, woh zyada space gherata hai.
Units of Volume: litre (L) aur millilitre (mL).
\(1 \text{ L} = 1000 \text{ mL}\)

Relationship between Mass and Volume:

Ek object ka mass aur volume uski density determine karte hain (higher classes mein padhenge).
Generally, zyada mass wale objects zyada space occupy karte hain, but hamesha nahi (e.g., iron ka piece cotton ke piece se chhota ho sakta hai par heavy hoga).

Activity 6.8 (Recall): Heavy ya Light?

Aim: Different materials ke mass ko compare karna.
Process: Equal volume ke water, sand, aur pebbles ko weigh karna.
_Observation:_ Pebbles water aur sand se heavy honge (zyada mass), water sabse light hoga (kam mass).

Important Concepts:

Density: Mass per unit volume. (Higher classes mein detail mein padhenge).

📖Definition

Matter: Anything that occupies space and has mass. Mass: Quantity of matter in an object. Volume: Space occupied by an object.

🧮Formula

Units:

Mass: gram (g), kilogram (kg)
Volume: litre (L), millilitre (mL)

Easy (15)

Any substance that is used to create an object is referred to as a/an _________.
Why: A material is any substance used to create an object.
Which of the following is NOT a material mentioned in the chapter?
- Wood
- Plastic
- Sound (correct)
- Glass
Why: Sound is not a material; it is a form of energy.
The method of arranging objects into groups based on common properties is called classification.
Why: This statement is true; classification is grouping objects by common properties.
Materials that have shiny surfaces are called _________.
Why: Lustrous materials have shiny surfaces.
Which of these materials is generally considered lustrous?
- Wood
- Iron (correct)
- Paper
- Rubber
Why: Iron is a metal and typically has a lustrous appearance.
Materials that are difficult to compress or scratch are called soft materials.
Why: Materials difficult to compress or scratch are hard, not soft.
Which of the following is an example of a soft material?
- Stone
- Iron
- Sponge (correct)
- Wood
Why: Sponge can be easily compressed, making it a soft material.
Materials through which things can be seen clearly are called _________.
Why: Transparent materials allow clear vision through them.
Wood is an example of a transparent material.
Why: Wood is opaque, not transparent, as you cannot see through it.
Which of these materials is translucent?
- Metal sheet
- Clear glass
- Frosted glass (correct)
- Cardboard
Why: Frosted glass allows some light but not clear vision, making it translucent.
Materials that completely disappear when mixed in water are called _________.
Why: Soluble materials dissolve completely in water.
Which of the following is insoluble in water?
- Sugar
- Salt
- Sand (correct)
- Lemon juice
Why: Sand does not dissolve in water, making it insoluble.
Anything that occupies space and has mass is called _________.
Why: Matter is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass.
The space occupied by matter is called its volume.
Why: This statement is true; volume is the space occupied by matter.
Identify the opaque object from the given image.
- A (Wall) (correct)
- B (Glass window)
- C (Frosted glass door)
- D (Air)
Why: A wall is opaque because you cannot see through it at all.

Medium (15)

Which property is NOT typically used to classify materials?
- Shape
- Colour
- Smell (correct)
- Hardness
Why: Shape, colour, and hardness are common classification properties; smell is less common for general material classification.
Match the material property with its description.
Why: Each property matches its definition: lustrous (shiny), soft (compressible), transparent (clear vision), insoluble (does not dissolve).
What is the term for materials that lose their shine due to air and moisture?
Why: Materials losing shine due to air and moisture become non-lustrous or dull.
Arrange the following materials from softest to hardest: Sponge, Iron, Wood.
Why: Sponge is softest, followed by wood, and iron is the hardest among these.
Identify the material that allows light to pass through but scatters it, making objects appear blurry.
- A (Wall)
- B (Glass window)
- C (Frosted glass door) (correct)
- D (Air)
Why: Frosted glass is translucent, allowing blurry vision.
What property of water makes it important for the survival of aquatic life?
Why: Water's ability to dissolve oxygen is crucial for aquatic life.
Match the material with its solubility in water.
Why: Sugar and salt are soluble, while sawdust and chalk powder are insoluble in water.
If an object is heavier than another, it has more of what property?
Why: Heavier objects have more mass.
Which of the following units is used to measure volume?
- Kilogram (kg)
- Gram (g)
- Litre (L) (correct)
- Metre (m)
Why: Litre (L) is a standard unit for measuring volume.
Match the property with an example of a material that exhibits it.
Why: Wood is opaque, glass is transparent, stone is hard, and copper is lustrous.
What is the primary reason for classifying materials?
- To make them look pretty
- To understand their properties and uses better (correct)
- To make them heavier
- To change their colour
Why: Classification helps us understand and utilize materials effectively based on their properties.
What term describes the space occupied by water?
Why: The space occupied by water is its volume.
Arrange the following steps in the correct order to observe solubility: 1. Stir the contents. 2. Collect materials. 3. Add materials to water. 4. Observe what happens.
Why: The correct order for observing solubility is collecting materials, adding them to water, stirring, and then observing.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a non-lustrous material?
- Jute
- Aluminium (correct)
- Paper
- Wood
Why: Aluminium is a metal and is typically lustrous, unlike jute, paper, and wood.
Identify the object that would be considered hard from the given options.
- Pillow
- Sweater
- Brick (correct)
- Sponge
Why: A brick is difficult to compress or scratch, making it a hard object.

Hard (10)

Assertion (A): Metals often lose their lustre and appear dull over time. Reason (R): Air and moisture react with the surface of metals, causing them to tarnish.
Why: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason accurately explains why metals lose their lustre.
A shopkeeper wants to store different types of pulses and grains. He needs containers that allow customers to see the contents clearly and are also durable. Which two properties of materials are most important for him to consider?
- Lustrous
- Transparent (correct)
- Hard (correct)
- Soft
Why: Transparent material allows seeing contents, and hard material ensures durability.
Assertion (A): Water is considered a universal solvent. Reason (R): Water can dissolve a large number of materials.
Why: Both statements are true, and the reason explains why water is called a universal solvent.
A student is weighing three identical paper cups filled with different materials: Cup A with water, Cup B with sand, and Cup C with pebbles. The scale shows the following readings: Cup A: 44.92 g, Cup B: 65.50 g, Cup C: 80.25 g. Based on this data, which cup contains the material with the highest mass?
- Cup A
- Cup B
- Cup C (correct)
- All have equal mass
Why: Cup C has the highest reading (80.25 g), indicating the highest mass.
Which of the following statements about matter, mass, and volume are correct?
- Matter occupies space and has mass. (correct)
- Mass is the space occupied by matter.
- Volume quantifies the amount of matter present in an object.
- Kilogram is a unit to measure mass. (correct)
Why: Matter has mass and occupies space. Kilogram measures mass.
Assertion (A): It is difficult to compress a stone. Reason (R): Stone is a hard material.
Why: Both are correct, and the hardness of stone explains why it's difficult to compress.
Observe the two glass tumblers. Tumbler (a) is half-filled with water, and Tumbler (b) is fully-filled with water. If both tumblers are identical, which statement accurately describes the volume of water in them?
- The volume of water in (a) is greater than in (b).
- The volume of water in (b) is less than in (a).
- The volume of water in (a) is less than in (b). (correct)
- Both tumblers have the same volume of water.
Why: A half-filled tumbler has less water, hence less volume, than a fully-filled one.
A scientist is testing a new material. She observes that it feels rough, does not shine, and when placed in water, it floats and does not dissolve. Which of the following properties describe this new material?
- Lustrous
- Non-lustrous (correct)
- Soluble
- Insoluble (correct)
Why: The material is non-lustrous (does not shine) and insoluble (does not dissolve).
A student is asked to classify various objects based on their properties. She observes a wooden block, a glass tumbler, and a piece of butter paper. She notes that she cannot see through the wooden block, can see clearly through the glass tumbler, and can see objects blurrily through the butter paper. How should she classify these three objects in terms of transparency?
- Wooden block: Transparent, Glass tumbler: Translucent, Butter paper: Opaque
- Wooden block: Opaque, Glass tumbler: Transparent, Butter paper: Translucent (correct)
- Wooden block: Translucent, Glass tumbler: Opaque, Butter paper: Transparent
- Wooden block: Opaque, Glass tumbler: Translucent, Butter paper: Transparent
Why: Wooden block is opaque, glass tumbler is transparent, and butter paper is translucent.
Observe the image showing different types of balls. If you drop each ball from the same height, which ball is most likely to achieve the highest bounce, assuming they are made of materials with different elasticity?
- A (Tennis ball) (correct)
- B (Cricket ball)
- C (Hand exercise ball)
- All will bounce to the same height
Why: Tennis balls are designed for high bounce due to their material properties.